Due to various difficulties related with creation such documentation, in the hereby article the alternative concept of maintenance system for six axles, heavy diesel locomotive will be presented, which is based on balancing the scopes of maintenance activities on particular levels of maintenance. The main assumptions proposed solution will be evenly distribution in time the preventive maintenance activities between particular maintenance levels with parallel keeping the safety operation and extension of components usage. It will be advisable to use the FMEA method (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) in order to change the scope and frequency of particular levels of maintenance. The benefits and risks of a balanced model will also be presented in comparison to the classic, five-levels maintenance system. An analysis of both maintenance models of traction vehicles will be made in the context of the costs of preventive inspections and repairs.