The paper addresses issues related to the ecological operation of rail transport vehicles. The evaluation of the vehicle environmental performance is based mainly on a comparison between the current state of the internal combustion engine (its emissions) with toxic pollutants emission limit values. These values are relevant in specific screening tests for vehicles or engines themselves. Legal emission regulations are of particular importance in the case of domestic operating conditions of rail vehicles due to the existence of a wide range of rolling stock (old and worn out vehicles among the new modern ones). Therefore, it becomes necessary to tackle the subject of how to assess the emission from rail vehicles engines in terms of their actual operating conditions according to the RDE (Real Driving Emission) procedure.
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