The potential of hydrogen related to the popularization of alternative energy sources is confirmed by the "Green Deal" implemented by the European Commission, which aims to reduce CO2 emissions in transport by 30% by 2030 and ultimately achieve climate neutrality by 2050. Additionally, the geopolitical situation in the world , characterized by increasingly difficult access to conventional energy sources, resulting in increasing costs of their purchase, confirms the validity of taking up the topic in the area of ​​hydrogen drives in railway vehicles. The article classifies fuels that power railway vehicles. Hydrogen fuel is presented as an alternative to powering railway vehicles. A review of railway vehicles and countries that currently have and are introducing hydrogen-powered vehicles. The advantages and threats of introducing hydrogen as a power source in railway vehicles are presented. Plans in Poland regarding the construction of hydrogen-powered railway vehicles and the planned construction of infrastructure accompanying the fuel in question were presented. The legal requirements accompanying the introduction of a railway vehicle powered by hydrogen fuel into operation in Poland are presented.